Comparative Study of Utilisation of Contraceptives among Married Women in Rural and Urban Communities in Rivers State
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Abstract
Introduction: Nigeria, Africa’s most populous country with over 200 million people, faces challenges in reproductive health, particularly regarding contraceptive utilisation among married women. Despite efforts to promote family planning services, substantial disparities persist between urban and rural areas in Nigeria. This study assessed contraceptive utilisation among married women in Rivers State, Nigeria, comparing rural and urban populations
Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 326 respondents (163 urban, 163 rural) assessed utilisation of contraceptives employing structured questionnaires and multistage sampling. Statistical analysis using SPSS version 25 compared demographic and socio-economic factors influencing contraceptive use, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.
Results: Most of the respondents were within the age group 40 to 49 years: 67 (41.1%) in urban and 61 (37.4%) in rural. The difference in the proportions was not significant, likewise with other socio-demographic characteristics. Contraceptive use was higher in urban areas (102, 62%) compared to rural areas (70, 42.9%) (χ² = 12.6; p < 0.001). Contraceptive use was also significantly associated with higher education (χ² = 15.270; p < 0.002) and income levels (χ² = 32.24; p < 0.001) in rural areas. In contrast, no significant associations were found in urban areas between contraceptive use and demographic or socio-economic factors. Overall, neither cultural beliefs, religious influences, accessibility, nor fear of side effects significantly predicted contraceptive adoption in either setting.
Conclusion: The study underscores the necessity for targeted interventions, particularly in rural communities, to address socio-economic and educational disparities. Strengthening family planning programs through education, improved access, and male involvement could enhance contraceptive uptake and reduce unintended pregnancies, supporting Nigeria's reproductive health goals.
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